The Other Slavery Read Online Free Page B
Author: Andrés Reséndez
Revista de Indias 14 (1954), 289–357. In his earlier negotiations with the Portuguese crown, Columbus had insisted on the very same terms he got from Spain.
10. Morison, Admiral of the Ocean Sea, 358–359. The first quote is from Ferdinand and Isabella to Columbus, Barcelona, March 30, 1493, cited ibid., 354–355. Note that at this point, Ferdinand and Isabella did not know anything about the lands just discovered by Columbus. By “Indies” they meant distant lands to the west of Spain. On Columbus’s triumphal entrance into Barcelona and the other quotes, see Bartolomé de Las Casas, Historia de las Indias, 3 vols. (Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1986), 1:332–333. For details of the tropical birds, see Pietro Martire d’Anghiera, De Orbe Novo, 2 vols. (New York: Burt Franklin, 1970), 1:65.
11. Sauer, The Early Spanish Main, 28.
12. For the meanings, uses, and value of spices in Europe, see Paul Freedman, Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008).
13. The quotes are from D’Ailly’s Imago mundi, cited in Wey Gómez, The Tropics of Empire, 79–84. Wey Gómez’s analysis of how these ideas informed Columbus’s expectations is very persuasive.
14. On the connections between heat and gold, see Sauer, The Early Spanish Main, 24; and above all Wey Gómez, The Tropics of Empire, 40–42, where both Columbus and Ferrer de Blanes are quoted.
15. On Columbus’s observations of the color of Indians, see his journal entries for October 11 and 13, 1492, and the quotations in Wey Gómez, The Tropics of Empire, 18, 22, 40.
16. The quotes are from Columbus’s diary, in Cristóbal Colón, Textos y documentos completos, ed. Consuelo Varela (Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1984), 56. During his first voyage, Columbus took Indians from various places, including San Salvador and Cuba. For the captives from Cuba, see Las Casas, Historia de las Indias, 1:232–234; and Carlos Esteban Deive, La Española y la esclavitud del indio (Santo Domingo: Fundación García Arévalo, 1995), 45–46. In assessing the reliability of Las Casas’s writings, it is important to make a clear distinction between his incendiary Devastation of the Indies and his far more meticulous (and seldom read) Historia de las Indias.
17. The quote is from the very famous letter of Columbus to Luis de Santángel, Canary Islands, February 15, 1493, in Juan Pérez de Tudela y Bueso, ed., Colección Documental del Descubrimiento, 3 vols. (Madrid: Editorial MAPFRE, 1994), 1:256. See also Wey Gómez, The Tropics of Empire, 316–317. The distinction made by Columbus seems curious because from the standpoint of most Europeans, all Indians were idolaters. Yet the Admiral initially believed that many Indians possessed no religion.
18. Rui de Pina, “Chronica Del Rei Dom João II,” in Antonio Brásio, ed., Monumenta Missionária Africana, vol. 1 (Lisbon: Agência Geral Do Ultramar, 1952), 8–14; Morison, Admiral of the Ocean Sea, 42; Paolo Emilio Taviani, Christopher Columbus: The Grand Design (London: Orbis, 1985), 110–126; P.E.H. Hair, The Founding of the Castelo de São Jorge da Mina: An Analysis of Sources (Madison: African Studies Program, University of Wisconsin, 1994), 1–41; Christopher R. DeCorse, An Archaeology of Elmina: Africans and Europeans on the Gold Coast, 1400–1900 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001), 26–28, 138–144.
19. The quotes are from Columbus to the Catholic monarchs, La Isabela, January 20, 1494, and January 30, 1494, in Pérez de Tudela y Bueso, Colección Documental del Descubrimiento, 1:535–536 and 545, respectively. For a general treatment of Indian slavery during these years, including what different Spanish chroniclers have said about this institution, see Deive, La Española y la esclavitud del indio, and the more expansive José Antonio Saco, Historia de la esclavitud de los indios en el Nuevo Mundo, 2 vols. (Havana: Talleres de
10. Morison, Admiral of the Ocean Sea, 358–359. The first quote is from Ferdinand and Isabella to Columbus, Barcelona, March 30, 1493, cited ibid., 354–355. Note that at this point, Ferdinand and Isabella did not know anything about the lands just discovered by Columbus. By “Indies” they meant distant lands to the west of Spain. On Columbus’s triumphal entrance into Barcelona and the other quotes, see Bartolomé de Las Casas, Historia de las Indias, 3 vols. (Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1986), 1:332–333. For details of the tropical birds, see Pietro Martire d’Anghiera, De Orbe Novo, 2 vols. (New York: Burt Franklin, 1970), 1:65.
11. Sauer, The Early Spanish Main, 28.
12. For the meanings, uses, and value of spices in Europe, see Paul Freedman, Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008).
13. The quotes are from D’Ailly’s Imago mundi, cited in Wey Gómez, The Tropics of Empire, 79–84. Wey Gómez’s analysis of how these ideas informed Columbus’s expectations is very persuasive.
14. On the connections between heat and gold, see Sauer, The Early Spanish Main, 24; and above all Wey Gómez, The Tropics of Empire, 40–42, where both Columbus and Ferrer de Blanes are quoted.
15. On Columbus’s observations of the color of Indians, see his journal entries for October 11 and 13, 1492, and the quotations in Wey Gómez, The Tropics of Empire, 18, 22, 40.
16. The quotes are from Columbus’s diary, in Cristóbal Colón, Textos y documentos completos, ed. Consuelo Varela (Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1984), 56. During his first voyage, Columbus took Indians from various places, including San Salvador and Cuba. For the captives from Cuba, see Las Casas, Historia de las Indias, 1:232–234; and Carlos Esteban Deive, La Española y la esclavitud del indio (Santo Domingo: Fundación García Arévalo, 1995), 45–46. In assessing the reliability of Las Casas’s writings, it is important to make a clear distinction between his incendiary Devastation of the Indies and his far more meticulous (and seldom read) Historia de las Indias.
17. The quote is from the very famous letter of Columbus to Luis de Santángel, Canary Islands, February 15, 1493, in Juan Pérez de Tudela y Bueso, ed., Colección Documental del Descubrimiento, 3 vols. (Madrid: Editorial MAPFRE, 1994), 1:256. See also Wey Gómez, The Tropics of Empire, 316–317. The distinction made by Columbus seems curious because from the standpoint of most Europeans, all Indians were idolaters. Yet the Admiral initially believed that many Indians possessed no religion.
18. Rui de Pina, “Chronica Del Rei Dom João II,” in Antonio Brásio, ed., Monumenta Missionária Africana, vol. 1 (Lisbon: Agência Geral Do Ultramar, 1952), 8–14; Morison, Admiral of the Ocean Sea, 42; Paolo Emilio Taviani, Christopher Columbus: The Grand Design (London: Orbis, 1985), 110–126; P.E.H. Hair, The Founding of the Castelo de São Jorge da Mina: An Analysis of Sources (Madison: African Studies Program, University of Wisconsin, 1994), 1–41; Christopher R. DeCorse, An Archaeology of Elmina: Africans and Europeans on the Gold Coast, 1400–1900 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001), 26–28, 138–144.
19. The quotes are from Columbus to the Catholic monarchs, La Isabela, January 20, 1494, and January 30, 1494, in Pérez de Tudela y Bueso, Colección Documental del Descubrimiento, 1:535–536 and 545, respectively. For a general treatment of Indian slavery during these years, including what different Spanish chroniclers have said about this institution, see Deive, La Española y la esclavitud del indio, and the more expansive José Antonio Saco, Historia de la esclavitud de los indios en el Nuevo Mundo, 2 vols. (Havana: Talleres de
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