The Defence of the Realm Read Online Free Page A

talks on MI5 history, to the many retired members on whose memories we have drawn, and to those who have provided managerial, secretarial, computer and other support. Though current and retired members of the Service (except for DGs) cannot be named, our thanks go to them all.
    Throughout the writing of this book I have benefited from the intellectual stimulation provided by the Cambridge University Intelligence Seminar, which brings together a remarkable group of postgraduates from around the world expert at identifying the role of intelligence in a variety of fields which more senior scholars have overlooked. I have learned much from them; their theses on topics related to the history of the Security Service are cited in the Notes and Bibliography. I am also grateful to Dr Tony Craig of the Intelligence Seminar for his research for the Centenary History in the National Archives. The debt I owe to the Cambridge history undergraduates I have the good fortune to teach is exemplified by Pete Gallagher’s ground-breaking 2009 final-year dissertation which I cite three times.
    Among my academic colleagues in the historical profession, I oweparticular thanks to Dr Nicholas Hiley, who combines an unrivalled knowledge of open-source material on the early history of modern British intelligence agencies with enviable expertise on British political cartoons.
    Both I and the Centenary History have been remarkably fortunate in our editor at Penguin, Stuart Proffitt, in our copyeditor, Peter James, and in the Service’s literary agent, Bill Hamilton – all leaders in their fields. At Cambridge Jane Martin and Kate Williams of Corpus Christi College have helped me with friendly efficiency to organize my academic and administrative responsibilities in ways which enabled me to find time to complete this History.
    Throughout this exciting and demanding project my wife Jenny, our children, their spouses/partners and our grandchildren have, as always, been my greatest inspiration.
    A note on the paperback edition
    I have taken the opportunity of this paperback edition to correct various points of detail and remedy a significant omission which have been kindly pointed out to me by attentive readers of the hardback. I have also been able to update substantially the recent history of counter-terrorism in ways which, for legal and other reasons, were impossible at the time of hardback publication.
    Christopher Andrew, 2010

Section A
    The German Threat, 1909–1919

Section B
    Between the Wars

Section C
    The Second World War

Section D
    The Early Cold War

Section E
    The Later Cold War

Section F
    After the Cold War

Appendix 1
    Directors and Director Generals, 1909–2009
1909–1940
Sir Vernon Kell
1940–1941
Brigadier Oswald Allen ‘Jasper’ Harker
1941–1946
Sir David Petrie
1946–1953
Sir Percy Sillitoe
1953–1956
Sir Dick White
1956–1965
Sir Roger Hollis
1965–1972
Sir Martin Furnival Jones
1972–1978
Sir Michael Hanley
1978–1981
Sir Howard Smith
1981–1985
Sir John Jones
1985–1988
Sir Antony Duff
1988–1992
Sir Patrick Walker
1992–1996
Dame Stella Rimington
1996–2002
Sir Stephen Lander
2002–2007
Baroness Manningham-Buller
2007
Jonathan Evans
    Note: The title of director general was first used by Sir David Petrie. Kell and Harker were both designated director.
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    Appendix 2
    Security Service Strength, 1909–2009

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    Appendix 3
    Nomenclature and Responsibilities of Security Service Branches/Divisions, 1914–1994
    1914

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    1916

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    1931

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    1941

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    1953

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    1968

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    1976

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    1988

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    1991

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    1994

Bibliography
    Acheson, Dean, Present at the Creation (New York: W. W. Norton, 1969)
    Adams, Gerry, Before the Dawn: An Autobiography , paperback edn (Dingle, Co. Kerry: Brandon, 2001)
    Agrell, Wilhelm, Venona: SpÃ¥ren frÃ¥n ett underrättelsekrig (Lund: Historiska Media, 2003)
    Aldrich, Richard, The