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reference works include William Shade and Ballard Campbell, eds., American Presidential Campaigns and Elections (2003); Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (2001); John Garraty and Mark Carnes, eds., American National Biography (1999) and Mapping America’s Past: A Historical Atlas (1996); Arthur Schlesinger Jr. et al., eds., Running for President: The Candidates and Their Images (1994), History of American Presidential Elections (1985), and History of U.S. Political Parties (1973); Kenneth Martis, Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the U.S. Congress (1989); Donald Bruce Johnson, ed., National Party Platforms , rev. ed.(1978); Frank Taussig, The Tariff History of the United States (1910); and John J. McCusker, How Much Is That in Real Money? (1992).
    The University of Kansas Press’s American Presidency Series is excellent. I have used Robert Rutland, The Presidency of James Madison (1990); Noble Cunningham Jr., The Presidency of James Monroe (1996); Mary Hargreaves, The Presidency of John Quincy Adams (1985); Donald Cole, The Presidency of Andrew Jackson (1993); Major Wilson, The Presidency of Martin Van Buren (1984); Norma Peterson, The Presidencies of William Henry Harrison and John Tyler (1989); and Paul Bergeron, The Presidency of James K. Polk (1987).
    Several well-written books bring to life specific years in American history: Edward Skeen, 1816: America Rising (2003); Andrew Burstein, America’s Jubilee, 1826 (2001); Louis Masur, 1831: Year of Eclipse (2001); and the most moving of all, Bernard DeVoto, The Year of Decision, 1846 (1943).
    A continental approach is essential for an understanding of the period between 1815 and 1848. To locate the United States in its North American geographical setting, see the wonderful work of D. W. Meinig, The Shaping of America ; I used vol. II, Continental America, 1800–1867 (1993). Andrew Cayton and Fred Anderson integrate the United States into North American history in The Dominion of War: Empire and Liberty in North America, 1500–2000 (2005). Valuable context is also supplied by Lester Langley, The Americas in the Age of Revolution (1996); Alan Taylor, American Colonies (2001); and Richard White, It’s Your Misfortune and None of My Own (1991). I was influenced by the model of Fernan Braudel’s classic, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II , trans. Sian Reynolds (1976).
    On the Hispanic borderlands that became part of the United States during the period here treated, two books of David Weber are invaluable: The Spanish Frontier in North America (1992) and The Mexican Frontier, 1821–1846 (1982). See also Donald Chipman, Spanish Texas (1992); Andrés Reséndez, Changing National Identities at the Frontier (2005); and Juan Gomez-Quiñones, Roots of Chicano Politics (1994). Works on the history of Mexico are often useful, such as Michael Meyer and William Sherman, The Course of Mexican History (1990) and Timothy Anna, Forging Mexico (1998). For Hispanic California and its missions, see Kevin Starr, California: A History (2005); Robert H. Jackson and Edward Castillo, Indians, Franciscans, and Spanish Colonization (1995); James Sandos, Converting California (2004); and the essays in Ramon Gutierrez and Richard Orsi, eds., Contested Eden (1998).
    The literature on the Native American peoples is enormous and includes works of anthropology as well as history. What follows is only a representative sample of works available. For general works, see The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: North America , ed. Bruce Trigger and Wilcomb Washburn (1996); Colin Calloway, One Vast Winter Count (2003); Alice Kehoe, America Before the European Invasions (2002); Daniel Richter, Facing East from Indian Country (2001); Shepard Krech, The Ecological Indian (1999); and Linda Barrington, ed., The Other Side of the Frontier (1998). More specific studies include Gary Anderson, The Indian Southwest, 1580–1830