42, 44, 47, 48, 80, 111, 133, 189, 230; and discrimination in Detroit, 151, 171, 183; and education, 8–10, 16; and history of transportation protest, 64, 69, 97; and Million Man March, 232; and organization of Women’s Political Council, 51–52; and respectability, 57, 63, 78, 83–86, 88, 93; and roles for women, 17, 90, 91, 102, 103–104, 121, 138–139, 141, 160, 162, 181–182, 204, 212, 217, 218, 274n17; and sexual exploitation, 10–12, 16, 22–23, 24, 27, 28, 31, 48, 54, 58, 64, 93, 120, 226; and treatment at March on Washington, 160–163; and WPAC, 163
Blake, James Fred, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65–66, 67, 88, 134, 168, 263n116, 264n149
boycotts, 47, 226, 228; and aftermath of Montgomery bus boycott, 132–140; memorialization of bus boycott, ix-xiv, 150, 236, 238, 240, 241; Montgomery bus boycott, 1, 7, 9, 26, 34, 49, 51, 52, 54, 60, 63, 71–74, 78, 79, 80–135, 165, 201, 203, 204–205, 206, 208, 211, 262n102, 270n151, 278n145; New York bus boycott, 44; and Parks’s situation, 141–148, 150, 154, 155, 195, 211; River Rouge bank boycott, 156; threatened boycott of Dearborn, 231
Brinkley, Douglas, xi, 2, 12, 30, 37, 93, 100, 137, 139, 141, 158, 162, 196, 222, 288n183, 291n93
Brooks, Hilliard, 48–49, 113
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, 17–18, 19, 30, 128, 165, 201, 211
Browder v. Gayle
, 108–109, 114, 132, 133, 141, 146
Brown II
(1955), 36
Brown v. Board of Education
, 18, 34, 35, 36, 39, 52, 55, 113, 114, 141, 146, 193
Burks, Mary Fair, 8, 9, 45, 51–52, 67, 74, 78, 79
Butler, Bertha, 32, 72, 187
Carmichael, Stokely, 179, 190, 191, 194, 215, 221
Carr, Johnnie, 8, 9, 17, 24, 26, 29, 55, 79–80
Carter, Eugene, 112
Carter, Mary Hays, 102, 186, 210
Central Congregational Church, 178, 179, 198
Chavis, Ben, 226, 230
Chisholm, Shirley, 218
Citizen’s Advisory Committee on Police Community Relations, 176
Citizens City-wide Action Committee (CCAC), 197–198
city councils: Montgomery (AL), 95; Detroit (MI), 175, 187, 199
civil rights movement.
See
black freedom movement
Civil Rights Act (1964), 159, 193, 283
Clark, Septima, 29, 38–39, 41–42, 71, 91, 130, 162, 201, 203, 211; and financial concerns of Parks 137, 139, 144, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 163; and Parks’s assistance for Highlander, 148, 153, 158
Cleage, Albert, 175, 177, 178–180, 191, 192, 197–199, 210, 211, 223
Cleveland Courts projects, 49, 72–73, 75, 80, 86, 94, 108, 134, 241; history of, 32, 256n95
Cold War, 83, 84, 94, 118, 145, 158, 169, 212
Colvin, Claudette, xi, 31, 33, 51, 64, 85, 114; bus arrest and case, 53–54, 56–60, 67, 69, 74, 76, 79, 80
Communist Party, 15, 35, 37, 77, 83, 96, 112, 128, 141, 145–148, 155, 165, 168, 184–185, 187, 188, 189, 204, 224; and anti-communism, xiv, 24,176
Conyers, John, Jr., 180–187, 218–219, 221, 285n85; and 1967 Detroit riot, 194, 195, 197; employment of Parks, vii, xiii, 143, 164, 167, 169, 170–171, 177, 182–187, 286n117; and initial campaign for Congress, 164, 180–182; on Parks’s political sensibility, 205–207, 264n165; and Parks’s shared political commitments, 220, 230, 231, 238, 239, 281n258; and Parks’s work in office, 182–187, 203, 211, 214, 225, 226, 229
Cooper, Carl, 198, 199
Crenshaw, Doris, 32, 33, 46, 64
Crockett, George, 180, 187, 195, 224
Cruse, Anne, 148, 169, 178
Current, Gloster, 145, 146, 153, 155, 156–157, 280n213
desegregation, xiii, 154, 170; of housing, 182; integration, 38, 40, 70, 113, 133, 139, 159, 168, 204, 227; of schools, 34, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 45, 115, 119, 131, 136, 193; of transportation, 67, 98, 106, 112, 134, 135, 137
Detroit and racial inequality, xii-xiii, 151, 156, 165–168, 191–200, 223–225, 230–235
Detroit Free Press
, 185, 233, 236
Detroit’s Great March, 174–180
Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, 44–45, 52, 54–55, 81, 82
Dickerson, Mahalia, 30
“Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work” campaign, 44, 97
Durr, Clifford, 72, 109, 122; and Virginia, 35–36, 44, 75, 76, 99
Durr,